Foundry ZKsync Book 📖

Fuzz Testing

Forge supports property based testing.

Property-based testing is a way of testing general behaviors as opposed to isolated scenarios.

Let’s examine what that means by writing a unit test, finding the general property we are testing for, and converting it to a property-based test instead:

pragma solidity 0.8.10;

import "forge-std/Test.sol";

contract Safe {
    receive() external payable {}

    function withdraw() external {
        payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
    }
}

contract SafeTest is Test {
    Safe safe;

    // Needed so the test contract itself can receive ether
    // when withdrawing
    receive() external payable {}

    function setUp() public {
        safe = new Safe();
    }

    function test_Withdraw() public {
        payable(address(safe)).call{value: 1 ether}("");
        uint256 preBalance = address(this).balance;
        safe.withdraw();
        uint256 postBalance = address(this).balance;
        assertEq(preBalance + 1 ether, postBalance);
    }
}

Running the test, we see it passes:

$ forge test --zksync
Compiling 24 files with Solc 0.8.10
Solc 0.8.10 finished in 1.14s
Compiler run successful with warnings:
Warning (9302): Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:11:9:
   |
11 |         payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Warning (9302): Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:27:9:
   |
27 |         payable(address(safe)).call{value: 1 ether}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


Compiling 24 files with zksolc and solc 0.8.10
zksolc and solc 0.8.10 finished in 5.87s
Compiler run successful with warnings:
Warning (9302)
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:11:9:
   |
11 |         payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Warning (9302)
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:27:9:
   |
27 |         payable(address(safe)).call{value: 1 ether}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

2024-09-29T00:06:26.747465Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""

Ran 1 test for test/Safe.t.sol:SafeTest
[PASS] test_Withdraw() (gas: 1199829)
Suite result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 30.00ms (14.10ms CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 30.85ms (30.00ms CPU time): 1 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (1 total tests)

This unit test does test that we can withdraw ether from our safe. However, who is to say that it works for all amounts, not just 1 ether?

The general property here is: given a safe balance, when we withdraw, we should get whatever is in the safe.

Forge will run any test that takes at least one parameter as a property-based test, so let’s rewrite:

contract SafeTest is Test {
    // ...

    function testFuzz_Withdraw(uint256 amount) public {
        payable(address(safe)).call{value: amount}("");
        uint256 preBalance = address(this).balance;
        safe.withdraw();
        uint256 postBalance = address(this).balance;
        assertEq(preBalance + amount, postBalance);
    }
}

If we run the test now, we can see that Forge runs the property-based test, but it fails for high values of amount:

$ forge test
Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.10
Solc 0.8.10 finished in 1.07s
Compiler run successful with warnings:
Warning (9302): Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:11:9:
   |
11 |         payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Warning (9302): Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:30:9:
   |
30 |         payable(address(safe)).call{value: amount}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


Compiling 1 files with zksolc and solc 0.8.10
zksolc and solc 0.8.10 finished in 5.90s
Compiler run successful with warnings:
Warning (9302)
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:11:9:
   |
11 |         payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Warning (9302)
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:30:9:
   |
30 |         payable(address(safe)).call{value: amount}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

2024-09-29T00:06:34.691244Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:34.705228Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:34.712128Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::error: vm error: Not enough gas
2024-09-29T00:06:34.712331Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::inspect: tx execution halted: Bootloader out of gas
2024-09-29T00:06:34.717908Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""

Ran 1 test for test/Safe.t.sol:SafeTest
[FAIL. Reason: assertion failed; counterexample: calldata=0x29facca70000035d22f986bba875659added6ecebf5517145ca1cf7bc1de727a33055086 args=[23216197347499771600256574235086970945056856950945450772830230264762502 [2.321e70]]] testFuzz_Withdraw(uint256) (runs: 2, μ: 868386, ~: 868386)
Suite result: FAILED. 0 passed; 1 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 56.40ms (40.84ms CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 57.36ms (56.40ms CPU time): 0 tests passed, 1 failed, 0 skipped (1 total tests)

The default amount of ether that the test contract is given is 2**96 wei (as in DappTools), so we have to restrict the type of amount to uint96 to make sure we don’t try to send more than we have:

    function testFuzz_Withdraw(uint96 amount) public {

And now it passes:

$ forge test --zksync
Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.10
Solc 0.8.10 finished in 1.07s
Compiler run successful with warnings:
Warning (9302): Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:11:9:
   |
11 |         payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Warning (9302): Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:29:9:
   |
29 |         payable(address(safe)).call{value: amount}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


Compiling 1 files with zksolc and solc 0.8.10
zksolc and solc 0.8.10 finished in 6.14s
Compiler run successful with warnings:
Warning (9302)
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:11:9:
   |
11 |         payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Warning (9302)
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:29:9:
   |
29 |         payable(address(safe)).call{value: amount}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

2024-09-29T00:06:42.908703Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:42.922767Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:42.936806Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:42.950628Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:42.964574Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:42.978406Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:42.992234Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.006125Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.019956Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.033725Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.047535Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.061354Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.075131Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.088927Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.102741Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.116598Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.130400Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.144233Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.158020Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.171866Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.185662Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.199438Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.213269Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.227042Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.240880Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.254749Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.268503Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.282330Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.296190Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.309974Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.323734Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.337498Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.351256Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.365073Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.378887Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.392743Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.406502Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.420281Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.434133Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.448032Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.461880Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.475657Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.489380Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.503199Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.517181Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.530954Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.544624Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.558443Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.572320Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.586062Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.599800Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.613637Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.627460Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.641304Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.655206Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.668974Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.682754Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.696551Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.710387Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.724137Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.738454Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.752245Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.766023Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.779770Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.793563Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.807330Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.821242Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.835021Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.848764Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.862556Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.876372Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.890137Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.903861Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.917697Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.931638Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.945560Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.959487Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.973305Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:43.987187Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.000977Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.014742Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.028489Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.042310Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.056118Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.069866Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.083624Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.097415Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.110740Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.124346Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.138356Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.152203Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.166120Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.180002Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.193934Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.208005Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.221847Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.235720Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.249644Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.263451Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.277381Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.291169Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.304979Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.318772Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.332619Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.346483Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.360291Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.374240Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.388136Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.401984Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.415792Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.429545Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.443444Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.457512Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.471315Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.485139Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.499001Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.512740Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.526462Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.540336Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.554250Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.568140Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.581855Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.595604Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.609385Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.623298Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.637114Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.650896Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.664626Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.678448Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.692280Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.706032Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.719733Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.734055Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.747873Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.761648Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.775466Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.789330Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.803170Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.816947Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.830751Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.844097Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.857688Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.871579Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.885397Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.899250Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.912981Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.926769Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.940506Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.954303Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.968310Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.982107Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:44.995995Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.009814Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.023555Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.037365Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.051185Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.065192Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.079090Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.093034Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.106847Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.120648Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.134417Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.148347Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.162098Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.175907Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.189695Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.203522Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.217267Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.231020Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.244736Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.258530Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.272381Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.286133Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.299956Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.313744Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.327549Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.341336Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.355301Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.369220Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.383214Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.397029Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.411063Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.424860Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.438677Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.452473Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.466423Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.480216Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.494061Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.507868Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.521669Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.535465Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.549295Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.563188Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.577062Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.590883Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.604737Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.618761Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.632598Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.646439Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.660274Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.674124Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.687988Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.701780Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.715562Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.729409Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.743380Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.757232Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.771063Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.784935Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.798813Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.812553Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.826326Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.839765Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.853405Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.867244Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.881101Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.894956Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.908748Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.922474Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.935813Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.949387Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.963228Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.977059Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:45.990902Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.004820Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.018611Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.032411Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.046231Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.060194Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.074021Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.087817Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.101610Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.115449Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.129298Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.143174Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.157236Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.171219Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.185214Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.199323Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.213343Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.227247Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.241278Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.255137Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.268970Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.282841Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.296644Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.310464Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.324290Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.338073Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.351885Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.365668Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.379628Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.393455Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.407309Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.420617Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.434438Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-09-29T00:06:46.448243Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""

Ran 1 test for test/Safe.t.sol:SafeTest
[PASS] testFuzz_Withdraw(uint96) (runs: 257, μ: 1074238, ~: 995989)
Suite result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 3.57s (3.55s CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 3.57s (3.57s CPU time): 1 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (1 total tests)

You may want to exclude certain cases using the assume cheatcode. In those cases, fuzzer will discard the inputs and start a new fuzz run:

function testFuzz_Withdraw(uint96 amount) public {
    vm.assume(amount > 0.1 ether);
    // snip
}

There are different ways to run property-based tests, notably parametric testing and fuzzing. Forge only supports fuzzing.

Interpreting results

You might have noticed that fuzz tests are summarized a bit differently compared to unit tests:

“runs” refers to the amount of scenarios the fuzzer tested. By default, the fuzzer will generate 256 scenarios, but this and other test execution parameters can be setup by the user. Fuzzer configuration details are provided here.
“μ” (Greek letter mu) is the mean gas used across all fuzz runs
“~” (tilde) is the median gas used across all fuzz runs

Configuring fuzz test execution

Fuzz tests execution is governed by parameters that can be controlled by users via Forge configuration primitives. Configs can be applied globally or on a per-test basis. For details on this topic please refer to 📚 Global config and 📚 In-line config.

Fuzz test fixtures

Fuzz test fixtures can be defined when you want to make sure a certain set of values is used as inputs for fuzzed parameters. These fixtures can be declared in tests as:

storage arrays prefixed with fixture and followed by param name to be fuzzed. For example, fixtures to be used when fuzzing parameter amount of type uint32 can be defined as

uint32[] public fixtureAmount = [1, 5, 555];

functions named with fixture prefix, followed by param name to be fuzzed. Function should return an (fixed size or dynamic) array of values to be used for fuzzing. For example, fixtures to be used when fuzzing parameter named owner of type address can be defined in a function with signature

function fixtureOwner() public returns (address[] memory)

If the type of value provided as a fixture is not the same type as the named parameter to be fuzzed then it is rejected and an error is raised.

An example where fixture could be used is to reproduce the DSChief vulnerability. Consider the 2 functions

    function etch(address yay) public returns (bytes32 slate) {
        bytes32 hash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(yay));

        slates[hash] = yay;

        return hash;
    }

    function voteSlate(bytes32 slate) public {
        uint weight = deposits[msg.sender];
        subWeight(weight, votes[msg.sender]);
        votes[msg.sender] = slate;
        addWeight(weight, votes[msg.sender]);
    }

where the vulnerability can be reproduced by calling voteSlate before etch, with slate value being a hash of yay address. To make sure fuzzer includes in the same run a slate value derived from a yay address, following fixtures can be defined:

    address[] public fixtureYay = [
        makeAddr("yay1"),
        makeAddr("yay2"),
        makeAddr("yay3")
    ];

    bytes32[] public fixtureSlate = [
        keccak256(abi.encodePacked(makeAddr("yay1"))),
        keccak256(abi.encodePacked(makeAddr("yay2"))),
        keccak256(abi.encodePacked(makeAddr("yay3")))
    ];

Following image shows how fuzzer generates values with and without fixtures being declared: Fuzzer

foundry-zksync book

Fuzz Testing

Interpreting results

Configuring fuzz test execution

Fuzz test fixtures